What is a piezoelectric crystal?
Published Time:
2025-05-15
Source:
There is a very interesting type of crystal. When you squeeze or stretch it, different charges will be generated at its two ends. This effect is called piezoelectric effect. Crystals that can produce piezoelectric effect are called piezoelectric crystals. Crystal (α-quartz) is a famous piezoelectric crystal. Common piezoelectric crystals include: sphalerite, borate, tourmaline, zincite, GaAs, barium titanate and its derivative structure crystals, KH2PO4, NaKC4H4O6·4H2O (Roxi salt), sugar, etc.
Piezoelectric crystals are electronic materials second only to single crystal silicon in terms of usage. They are used to manufacture electronic components for selecting and controlling frequency. They are widely used in various fields of the electronic information industry, such as color TVs, air conditioners, computers, wireless communications, etc., especially in high-performance electronic equipment and digital equipment. The application is expanding day by day. Low corrosion tunnel density piezoelectric crystals are materials for producing SMD frequency chips and mobile phone frequency chips. The main varieties of piezoelectric crystal products are: Z rods, Y rods, thickness chips, and frequency chips.
Piezoelectric effect of crystals
When some crystals are subjected to external forces in a certain direction, polarization will occur inside, causing the charged particles to move relative to each other, thereby generating charges of equal magnitude and opposite sign on the surface of the crystal; when the external force is removed, it returns to an uncharged state. The amount of charge generated by the crystal under force is proportional to the magnitude of the external force. This phenomenon is called the piezoelectric effect. On the contrary, if an electric field is applied to the crystal, the crystal will produce mechanical deformation in a certain direction; when the external electric field is removed, the deformation will also disappear. This phenomenon is called the inverse piezoelectric effect, also known as the electrostrictive effect.
Piezoelectric effect principle
The reason for the generation of piezoelectricity is related to the crystal structure. The originally overlapping positive and negative charge centers of gravity are separated after being compressed to form electric dipoles, so that the two ends of the crystal in a specific direction have different charges.
Common characteristics of piezoelectric crystals: crystal point groups (symmetry types) have no symmetry center.
Among the 32 point groups of the crystal, 21 point groups do not have a symmetry center, but the crystals of point group 432 do not show piezoelectricity, so the crystals of 20 point groups have piezoelectricity.
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